Waba Uzi Amateka Yizuba?—— cer Igice)

Ku ya 08 Gashyantare 2023
Mbere yuko Bell Labs ivumbura imirasire y'izuba ya mbere igezweho mu 1954, amateka y'ingufu z'izuba ni bumwe mu bushakashatsi nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi ku giti cyabo n'abahanga.Inganda zo mu kirere no kwirwanaho zamenye agaciro kazo, kandi mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, ingufu z'izuba zari zarahindutse icyizere ariko kirahenze cyane ku bicanwa biva mu kirere.Mu kinyejana cya 21, inganda zimaze gukura, zitera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ryemejwe kandi rihendutse risimbuza vuba amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe ku isoko ry’ingufu.Iyi ngengabihe irerekana bamwe mu bapayiniya bakomeye nibyabaye mugihe hagaragaye ikoranabuhanga ryizuba.
Ninde wahimbye imirasire y'izuba?
Charles Fritts niwe wambere wakoresheje imirasire y'izuba kugirango atange amashanyarazi mumwaka wa 1884, ariko byari kuba indi myaka 70 mbere yuko ikora neza bihagije.Imirasire y'izuba ya mbere igezweho, yari itaragikora neza, yakozwe n'abashakashatsi batatu ba Bell Labs, Daryl Chapin, Gerald Pearson, na Calvin Fuller.Russel Ohl, uwabanjirije muri Bell Labs, yavumbuye uburyo kristu ya silicon yakoraga nka semiconductor iyo ihuye n'umucyo.Ibi byashizeho urwego kuri aba bapayiniya batatu.
Amateka yigihe cyizuba
19 - mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20
Fizika yateye imbere hagati yikinyejana cya 19, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse mumashanyarazi, magnetisme, no kwiga urumuri.Ibyibanze byingufu zizuba byari bimwe mubyavumbuwe, kuko abashakashatsi naba siyanse bashizeho urufatiro rwinshi mumateka yakurikiyeho.
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20
Kugaragara kwa fiziki ya kijyambere ya tewolojiya byafashije gushyiraho urufatiro rwo gusobanukirwa neza ningufu zifotora.Ibisobanuro bya Quantum physics yerekana isi ya subatomic ya fotone na electron byagaragaje ubukanishi bwukuntu udupaki twumucyo winjira twangiza electron muri kristu ya silicon kugirango zitange amashanyarazi.
Inama: Ni izihe ngaruka zifotora?
Ingaruka ya Photovoltaque nurufunguzo rwikoranabuhanga ryizuba.Ingaruka ya Photovoltaque nuruvange rwa fiziki na chimie ikora amashanyarazi mugihe ikintu gihuye numucyo.